The UN’s
Sustainable Energy for All
initiative aims to drive economic development, improve living
conditions, and protect the planet by meeting growing energy demands
with renewable, environmentally responsible sources. Will
Rio+20 be someday seen as the launchpad for these accomplishments or simply another missed opportunity?
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon touted the new program at the
United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
(Rio+20). Still in its first year, Sustainable Energy for All has
already engaged governments, businesses, and other groups to assess
their national energy sectors and drive strategic reforms in pursuit of
three year 2030 goals:
-Universal access to modern energy services
-Doubling the share of renewable energy in use today
-Doubling the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
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This small wind turbine was on display alongside other green tech at the athletic pavilion at Rio+20. Photo: Brian Clark Howard |
“Achieving sustainable energy for all is not only possible, but
necessary. It is the golden thread that connects development, social
inclusion, and environmental protection,” said Secretary-General Ban
Ki-moon in Rio. “This initiative is already mobilizing significant
action from all sectors of society. Working together, we can provide
solutions that drive economic growth, expand equity and reduce the risks
of climate change.”
Rio+20 attendees highlighted some of the many commitments already
announced under the sweeping program. Business and investors have
rallied some $50 billion to the cause so far, while governments,
development banks, and other organizations have kicked in tens of
billions more. More than 1 billion people stand to benefit from improved
access to energy through both off-the-grid initiatives and improvements
to conventional power structures.
Sharing developed world technologies with those abroad the EU’s
“Energizing Development” program will give 500 million people access to
sustainable energy services by 2030, and the United States has pledged
some $42 billion (U.S.) in grants or loans for government regulatory
programs and efforts to leverage private investments in clean energy.
Developing nations from Ghana to Vietnam have launched national energy
action plans under the program, and international funders include The
World Bank, Bank of America, and the OPEC Fund for International
Development.
Corporations are also investing in the sustainable initiative, from
the tech leader Microsoft to the Italian energy giant Eni. The Institute
of Electrical and Electronic Engineers and 40 other professional
associations are mobilizing more than 2 million members to support
sustainable energy. Even the rock band
Linkin Park is spearheading a “Power the World” campaign, under the Sustainable Energy for All initiative, to fight energy poverty.
Universal Access to Modern Energy Services by 2030
It’s easy to take power for granted in the developed world but one in
five people globally, some 1.3 billion in all, don’t have reliable
access to electricity. Ninety-five percent of these people live in
developing Asia or sub-Saharan Africa. Many suffer health problems from
cooking with
toxic smoke-producing fuels
and a lack of modern health facilities, inadequate educational
opportunities, and stunted opportunities for environmental growth.
UN officials estimate that universal access by 2030 can become a
reality at a cost of less than $50 billion (U.S.) a year—and that
private sector investment is key to that effort.
Such investments stand to pay economic dividends as well. As people
gain access to energy they launch a wide range of educational and
economic initiatives from more productive farming practices to cottage
manufacturing or home-based businesses. With the revenue earned through
such ventures a new group of people can become more regular consumers of
goods.
Doubling the Share of Renewable Energy in Use
Renewable energy sources currently make up about 15 percent of the
world’s total use. But solar, wind, water, biomass, and geothermal
sources are capable of producing much more—and the Secretary-General
aims to double that total by 2030.
Renewable sources can often bring life-changing power to rural
peoples who live far from electrical grids and have little realistic
chance of connection to mainstream sources in the near future. Solar
lamps allow shopkeepers to stay open at night in Bangladesh.
Micro-hydro plants that use gravity and falling water
to bring electricity to mountain villages in Nepal. Biomass mini-grids
turn waste, like rice husks, into sustainable sources of power across
Asia.
The costs of such technologies continue to drop and developed
nations, too, are boosting their capacities for power generation through
industries like wind and solar. The transition to these power producers
creates jobs in the design, manufacture, installation, and maintenance
of these system sources on both the industrial and household levels.
Doubling the Rate of Improvement in Energy Efficiency
No matter what type of energy is being used the world will benefit by
using less of it to do the same job whether that be powering an
appliance, heating a building, or fueling a car. Because fossil fuels
are sure to be a dominant part of the energy mix for decades to come
increasing efficiency also means stretching a limited supply farther.
That is increasingly important as energy consumption fueled by rising
economies like India and China may grow by one-third by 2035.
Burning fewer fossil fuels also means mitigating harmful
environmental consequences. The UN estimates that, by 2030, electricity
consumption in buildings and industry can be cut by 14 percent due to
efficiency gains. Such a drop would eliminate the need for some 1,300
mid-sized power plants.
The shift to energy efficiency also produces green jobs in building
or retrofitting green buildings, and producing more efficient
refrigerators, furnaces, automobiles and other products. Saving energy
makes good business sense as well because it aids the bottom line for
both companies and consumers.
The Sustainable Energy for All initiative is ambitious, in fact it’s
meant to be world-changing, and it will take years to learn whether the
commitments made at Rio truly mark the start of a new sustainable energy
era. Some officials, at least, believe there is no turning back.
“Rio+20 marked a watershed understanding the plurality of roles
required – alongside governments – to craft the future we want,” said
Olav Kjørven, the
United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Development Policy.
Adapted from:
http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/08/09/rio20-kickstarted-bold-sustainable-energy-for-all-project/